Frequency of microalbuminuria in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics at Nishtar Hospital, Multan

Abstract

Objectives: to describe frequency of microalbuminuria in newly diagnosed Type 2 Diabetics. Study Design: Descriptive and cross-sectional study. 50 indoor and outdoor newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics were screened for microalbuminuria. Setting: Medical Unit III of Nishtar Hospital Multan. Material And Methods: Both males and females with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics were included in the study while Presence of overt proteinuria on routine urine analysis, Patients with evidence of congestive cardiac failure, urinary tract infection, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Pregnant diabetics were excluded from the study. A detailed history was taken from every patient and meticulous clinical examination performed on each of them. Diabetes mellitus was confirmed by fasting and random hyperglycemia. Routine investigations like complete blood examination, complete urine examination serum urea, creatinine, X-ray chest, ECG, were obtained for each patient. Micral test (Boehringer Manhhem) was used for detection of microalbuminuria. Results: Average age of the patients was 45 years. 41 patients were males and 9 were females. 30% of these patients were found to be microalbuminuric. Both fasting blood sugar and random blood sugar levels were impaired in microalbuminurics. 38% of the total patients were smokers and 24% were hypertensives. Ischemic heart disease was found in 14% of patients on ECG where as LVH (Left Ventricular Hypertrophy) was evident in 4% of the patients. Renal parameters and Chest X-rays of all the patients were normal. None of them had CVA (Cerebrovascular Accident). Conclusion This study has documented higher frequency rate of microalbuminuria in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics in our society. Poor glycemic control and delay in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus were factors in the development of early diabetic nephropathy. Screening for early detection of diabetes mellitus is recommended.