TY - JOUR AU - Afzal, Saira AU - Bint-e-Afzal, Bushra PY - 2015/08/03 Y2 - 2024/03/29 TI - RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OUTBREAK OF MEASLES IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN JF - Annals of King Edward Medical University JA - Annals KEMU VL - 20 IS - 4 SE - Articles DO - 10.21649/akemu.v20i4.678 UR - https://www.annalskemu.org/journal/index.php/annals/article/view/678 SP - 302 AB - <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>In Pakistan, three consecutive epidemics of measles in 2012 - 13 affected many thousands of children.</p> <p><strong>Objectives:&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong>To determine the risk factors associated with the outbreak of measles in Lahore.</p> <p><strong>Methods:&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong>A population based case-control study with 1:1 case to control ratio was conducted in Lahore. Pur-posive Sampling was done.</p> <p><strong>Results:&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong>Out of 100 subjects 50 were cases and 50 were controls. Demographic characteristics were des-cribed. The risk estimation was done by Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. Logistic regression analysis was employed at significance of alpha 0.05. Among cases 89% children &gt; 9 months of age, 57% males and 43% females came from highly populated areas with lack of vaccine availability (75%), mostly belonging to middle socioeconomic status (83%) and educated families (63%). Fifty five percent were vac-cinated against measles from hospital or dispensary and few from mobile teams. 79% had history of travel to epidemic areas and history of breast feeding was present in 66%. Coexisting illness along with measles was present in 30% and 28% had Vitamin - A defi-</p> <p>Afzal S.<sup>1</sup></p> <p>Chairperson and Head, Department of Community Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore - Pakistan</p> <p>Afzal H.B.B.E.<sup>2</sup></p> <p>M.B.B.S Final Year Student</p> <p>King Edward Medical University, Lahore</p> <p>cient diet. Twenty four percent parents showed lack of confidence in immunization program. Nineteen per-cent measles patient's mothers were sick and treated during pregnancy. The lack of cold chain, lack of awa-reness of expanded program of immunization, and malnutrition were found statistically significant.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong>The lack of Expanded Program of Imm-unization, transmission from surroundings and coexis-ting illness were found significant in measles epi-demic.</p> <p><strong>Key words:&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong>Measles, risk factors, contagious, pre-ventable disease, immunization, transmission.</p> ER -