@article{Akhtar_Ajmal_Hanif_Siddique_Khan_2013, title={An Evaluation of Frequency and Distribution of Cutaneous Manifestation in Patients of Hepatitis C Virus and its Correlation with Cardiac Manifestations}, volume={18}, url={https://www.annalskemu.org/journal/index.php/annals/article/view/375}, DOI={10.21649/akemu.v18i1.375}, abstractNote={<strong><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Background:  </span></strong><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Hepatitis C virus infection is a major health care concern worldwide but more so in develop-ing countries like Pakistan, 170 million people have chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Which represents the 3% of global prevalence rate. Most patients with acute and chronic hepatitis C virus infection are asym-ptomatic and may remain oblivious of their disease for long time due to its indolent and silent course. Chronic </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify;">hepatitis C virus infection may be associated with numerous extra hepatic manifestation and after liver skin could be the 2</span><sup style="text-align: justify;">nd</sup><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify;"> main target organ for many der-matologic manifestations and may be the 1</span><sup style="text-align: justify;">st</sup><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify;"> clue to the underlying HCV infection and may served as early marker of potentially fetal chronic liver disease and its complications.</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; text-align: justify; tab-stops: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Objectives:</span></strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">To determine the frequency and distribution of various dermatologic manifestation in patients with H and its consequent impact on development of heart disease.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; text-align: justify; tab-stops: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Material and Methods:  </span></strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;">In this cross – sectional stu-dy conducted at Mayo Hospital, Lahore, the<strong> </strong>data was collected through consecutive sampling over a period of three years from 402 patients. These were </span><span style="font-size: 11pt;">found HCV positive during routine investigation. All patients gave a complete history regarding clinical features, cardiovascular risk factors profile and special history regarding dermatologic manifestation associated with HCV infection was inquired into. Detailed examina-tion was done to see any evidence of skin manifesta-tion. SPSS 15 was used for data management and analysis. Tabulation and Chi-square test were consti-tuents of analysis.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; text-align: justify; tab-stops: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Results:  </span></strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Out of 402 patients who were diagnosed to have Hepatitis C, 218 (54.2%) were males and 184 female the highest percentage (269; 66.9%) patients were more than 40 years of age with mean age 47.6 ± 13 years. 371 (92.3%) patients belonged to poor socio-economic class, 164 (40.8%) patients were hyper-tensive, 129 (32.1%) were diabetic, 45 (11.2%) had a family history of Ischemia and 84 (20.9%) patients were smokers. 107 (26.6%) patients had various cuta-neous manifestations (pruritis 10.69%, prirutus plus purpuric eruption 13.6%, isolated purpura was found in 1.7% and Eczema in 0.71%). Cutaneous manifesta-tions were most common among, smokers, hyperten-sive, obese and patients having low socioeconomic status and suffering from Ischemic heart disease.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; text-align: justify; tab-stops: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Conclusion:</span></strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;">  Overall higher frequency of cutaneous manifestation was observed in patients with positive serology for Hepatitis C virus infection and suffering from Ischemic heart disease, Hypertension and obesity along with low socioeconomic group and were habi-tual of smoking as compared with those who were HCV positive but not having associated these co-mor-bidities. Hepatitis C virus is suggested and must be considered in the differential diagnosis of these pati-ents to avoid missing dis-important but occult factor in the clinical diagnosis of the skin diseases in appro-priate setting.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; tab-stops: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Key words:  </span></strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;">HCV, IHD, CLD.</span></p>}, number={1}, journal={Annals of King Edward Medical University}, author={Akhtar, Bilqees and Ajmal, Tahira and Hanif, Asif and Siddique, Kashif and Khan, Bilal Zakariah}, year={2013}, month={May}, pages={48} }