Writing an Effective Medical Manuscript and Avoiding Errors for Smooth Publication

Writing for a biomedical journal is an important part of completing a research project. It is vital to publish original articles or other types of articles in various medical journals. This can be a challenging process, and it requires a sense of responsibility. The process starts with conceiving an idea, forming and conducting the research, and writing about the results, before finally getting it published. Before beginning to write a paper, the language must be properly structured and technical details must be included. Additionally, a cover letter must is sent to the journal's chief editor, mentioning any ethical considerations.


Introduction
L et's see, what is research, which was first known in French language in 1577, meant "to go about seeking".Research is the quest for something new for the 1 needs of an inquisitive mind seeking new knowledge.
Research not only involves collecting knowledge from the past but also adding something new to it.It is important to report new results in scientific journals, disseminate information to the larger scientific community, and contribute to the pool of knowledge within the researcher's discipline.It is also essential to provide information that helps others interpret their own research results.It is an obligation of the researcher to complete their work honestly and submit it to a reputable journal.Without publishing, the research can be lost and all efforts would be wasted.The world acknowledges published articles through citation, which increases the value of the article.Publication is the sharing of 1-2 knowledge and it is mandatory and an obligation.
What is an Effective Writing of Research?: The research must be done properly and the objective must be clear and an assumption must be clearly defined.The steps of the research have to be accurate and data collection has to be exact, and its analysis should be professional.Be honest and ethical about this because ethics is important at every stage of your research and its results.
During medical writings, always follow the rules and all aspects of the research should be discussed at the start of the project.The authorship credits should be decided before starting the research and approve the final version.Basic rule of the ethical writing is that always write the original research work done honestly, with no plagiarism involved, no copying, cutting and pasting, no falsification or fabrication, no duplicate

Writing an Effective Medical Manuscript and Avoiding Errors for Smooth Publication 1 2
Mulazim Hussain Bukhari, Zeinab Tamannaie submission for publication, and no conflict of interest.
There must be appropriate authorship with acknowledge-1-4 ments where necessary.
Why should Ethics be observed?: Keep in mind that if you do not observe ethics, it will be "MISCON-DUCT", Deception, Dishonesty or Negligence", which are not acceptable.Misconduct can have serious consequences: such as retraction of the article, exclusion of authors, reporting to the head of the insti-4 tution and regulatory bodies, impeding promotion.
What are the Requirements of Writing Research?: Before starting writing the paper, your answer must be yes about these questions, did your article is about something new and interesting and the article will help to increase the knowledge of readers?; Have you finally read the latest literature in the field of your manuscript?, have the your results analyzed properly by appropriate analysis and your finding's significance is verified through biostatistics?, are the methods being valid and reliable.Studies scope and limitations must be addressed and did the findings are writen in a novel way? , was the findings are related to any current hot topic, e.g., COVID-19 etc. ?, is there any solution for any difficult community issue?If writing for publication is challenging but not difficult, it needs, adequate knowledge, better skills, spending adequate time, confidence, How to write Keywords.
These are important for indexing.This makes it easier to identify and cite the manuscript.When indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences, keywords for medical subject headings should be generated using a carefully selected vocabulary.It acts as a thesaurus to facilitate searching.They should be in alphabetical order and conform to the instructions of the National Library of Medicine Managed Vocabulary Thesaurus used to index articles in the MEDLINE®/PubMED® database. 1-6:9

Introduction to Article Writing
The introduction section provides background information on the research topic and outlines the purpose and significance of the study.The main context of this section is based on the literature review and usually coded from the other sources with citations to establish the context of the reported work.There should overall 300-500 words and should include following things.
1.The problem under investigation should be summarized and discussed in the background of literature review.In writing the introduction, always answer the questions: 2. What was studying?
3. What did we know about it before this study?How will this study enhance our knowledge?
It is based on general information and specific information using by an inverted triangle.(Broader the general information and smaller the specific information).Writing the introduction for an article can be tricky, and there are some common mistakes that writers often make.One common mistake is starting with a generic or boring opening.It is important to grab the reader's attention from the very beginning, so avoid cliches or overly formal language.Another mistake is providing too much background information.While it is important to provide context, including too much information in the introduction can overwhelm the reader and make the article feel bogged down.Instead, focus on providing a concise and engaging overview of the main points that will be discussed in the article.Additionally, writers often make the mistake of not clearly stating the purpose or main argument of the article in the introduction.It is important to clearly communicate the main focus of the article so that readers know what to expect and can follow along easily.Finally, another common mistake is not ending the introduction with a strong thesis statement.A thesis statement is essential as it highlights the importance and main theme for rest of the article.3. Outcome measures were recorded at baseline and after an 8-week intervention period.
4. Sample size calculation is important in statistics as it determines the number of observations needed to make accurate inferences about a larger population.

The formula commonly used for sample size calculation is: n = (Z^2 * p * (1-p)) / E^2
, where n is the required sample size, Z is the Z-score corresponding to the desired confidence level, p is the estimated proportion or percentage of the population with a specific characteristic, and E is the desired margin of error.
6. To use this formula, you need to specify the desired confidence level.
The data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.The normality of the data was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test.Parametric and non-parametric tests were conducted for variables that were non-normally distributed to examine intra-group and inter-group differences.The Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon test were used to determine the significance of intra-group differences.
Guidelines for Discussion: The discussion should begin with a concise summary of the main findings, followed by a comparison of these findings with the results of similar studies published in the past.It is important to highlight any new and noteworthy findings from the current research and elaborate on their significance.When discussing a research article, it is crucial to follow specific guidelines to ensure a Firstly, it is essential to thoroughly read and comprehend the article before participating in any discussion.This will ensure that all participants are on the same page 14 and can contribute effectively.
Secondly, it is important to approach the discussion with an open mind and respect diverse viewpoints.Encourage others to share their thoughts and actively listen to their perspectives.Always offer constructive feedback and avoid personal attacks or disrespectful comments.Also, it may be useful to prepare specific questions or discussion points to guide the conversation and ensure comprehensive coverage of important areas.
Be prepared to provide evidence or examples to support your points and encourage others to do the same.
Lastly, it is important to be mindful of time and stay focused on the main topic.Avoid digressions or derailing the conversation.Stay engaged and contribute meaningfully to the discussion.
When discussing the results in the Discussion section, it is important to place them in the context of existing knowledge and explain any new insights gained from the study.Avoid duplicating the results and structure the discussion according to Docherty & Smith's inverted
The first paragraph can serve as a mini-abstract, restating the main question, summarizing the findings, indicating the intended conclusion, and outlining what will be covered next.For instance: "The pregnancy-related low back pain (PR-LBP) is a prevalent problem encountered by women.The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of Swiss ball training and static exercises in managing low back pain after childbirth.
The results indicate that both interventions effectively alleviate pain and improve function.The following discussion will summarize the main findings, compare them with prior research, provide implications for readers, and address remaining questions." In the subsequent paragraph, begin by summarizing the principal findings of the study.For example: The findings from our study indicate that both Swiss ball training and static exercises were successful in addressing low back pain following childbirth.Furthermore, a separate experimental study highlighted the positive impact of pelvic floor muscles and core stability exercises in reducing pain, improving abdominal muscle strength, and minimizing disability.However, it is noteworthy that core stability exercises demonstrated significantly greater benefits (Reference).

Compare these findings with relevant studies. Example is below:
According to a meta-analysis, it has been suggested that core stability exercises are more efficient compared to general exercises in reducing pain and enhancing physical function among individuals with low back pain (Reference).
This is consistent with our study's findings, which also show significant benefits associated with core stability exercises."

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How to write the Conclusion.
Writing a strong conclusion for a research article is essential to summarize the main findings and provide a final thought on the subject.To craft an effective conclusion, follow these steps: 1. Restate the main findings: Start by restating the key findings or results of your research.This will serve as a reminder to the reader of the important aspects of the study.
2. Summarize the main points concisely discussed in your article.This will give the reader a clear overview of your research and its implications.
3. Discuss the implications: Explain the significance of your findings in a broader context.Discuss how the research contributes to existing knowledge or the field as a whole, and suggest potential directions for future research.
4. Provide a closing statement: End the conclusion with a closing statement that emphasizes the significance and impact of the research.This could be a reflection or a call to action.Acknowledgment: We would like to express our gratitude to all individuals who provided assistance during the research process but did not meet the criteria for authorship.
Disclaimer: The information presented in this research article is intended for academic purposes only and should not be regarded as medical advice.Readers are advised to consult healthcare professionals for personalized recommendations and treatment plans.

Conflict of Interest:
The authors have no competing interests to disclose with regards to the publication of this research article.

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How to write Reference.
There are many sources for references i.e., Reference from, journals, Book or book chapter, Internet, Thesis, Reports, Manuals, newspapers, Monographs, Conference proceedings and Web pages etc.
There are also > 6000 citation styles.Among them the most popular are: Vancouver style (Most journals use), Harvard style, Oxford (Mostly used for thesis),etc, but always follow the style of the journal where you are submitting, the article. 15 How to write the Vancouver style.
It is usually followed by most journals and should be cited in consecutive numerical order as first mentioned in the text and designated by the reference number in superscript.To cite in Vancouver style, follow these guidelines: 1. In-text citations: Use a superscript number at the end of the sentence or phrase that includes the information you are citing.The number should correspond to the reference list entry.When Does One Cite Sources?
Citations are used to acknowledge the source of borrowed words or ideas.They are necessary in various situations, including: 1. Quotes: When directly quoting someone else's words, the quote should be cited and attributed to its source.

Paraphrase:
If you rephrase someone else's ideas or thoughts in your own words, proper citation is required to acknowledge the original source.

Existing Ideas:
When you express an idea that has already been expressed by someone else, it is essential to cite the original source.

Specific References:
When making a specific reference to the work of another individual or study, proper citation is necessary to give credit to the original source.Final check of the article before submission.

Influence on Your
To ensure a smooth publication process and avoid plagiarism, it is important to follow the Equator Guidelines for article formatting, ICMJE authorship criteria, and COPE guidelines for ethical issues.Use correct language, grammar, and syntax, and always adhere to the journal's guidelines for efficient handling.Verify that all guidelines have been followed.Check the language, grammar, and syntax, and ensure an accurate word count.Review references, tables, and figures for quality and appropriate number.Pay attention to photographs and ensure their quality is suitable for printing with the correct resolution.Review legends for figures and graphs as well.All authors should participate actively and review the order of data presentation to improve the writing style.It is crucial to double-check references, look for typing mistakes, and ensure correct spelling.By following the guidelines, success is more likely, whereas failure to do so increases the chances of rejection.
Please note that while I have made efforts to check your English and improve the clarity of the instructions, it's important to review the content for accuracy and adherence to your specific requirements.

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and meaningful exchange.April -June 2023 | Volume 29 | Issue 02 | Page 83 Top broadest part carries the most general information, Apex is the specific problem studied and begin with sentences focusing the topic established by review of pertinent published literature from research journals.
Always write this information with pertinent references cited for published studies.Put here the objective of the study, and hypothesis.Always end the introduction with purpose of the study and its scientific merits and if a new methodology has been used give its merits in comparison to the older methods.Always keep it brief because introduction is not a discussion, so do not compare and contrast the results and different studies here, e.g., "Pain in the lumbar and pelvic areas is a global health issue and is approximately 8% disability worldwide and affects approximately 75% people at some stage in their lives".(Ref)Itisa nonspecific type of Pain, which causes disability and makes the people bed-ridden.(Ref)It has been observed that women after their delivery experience such type of low backache (LBP) which may affects their occupation and daily living".(Ref)Theintroductionends with the Objective of the study: e.g., "The current study was designed to see the effects of static exercise program and to compare with Swiss ball training for all muscles of the lower back and pelvic areas in patients with LBP after childbirth".(Ref) sufficient details to help an investigator in replicating the study and if the methodology has been previously used, it can be taken verbatim and duly referenced.Use ethical guidelines of the 1975 Helsinki Declaration and if study is on human subjects, start with the approval of the IRB and written and informed consent of patients.
6,10,1212How to write Methodology?The methods section describes the experimental design, study population, data collection methods, and statistical analyses used.It provides a detailed account of how the study was conducted, allowing readers to replicate the research.It is the most critical section of the manuscript and on the basis of this "A paper will sink or swim on the section.In this section, this is the main bulk of any article which must provide sufficient knowledgeable information for the reader who can reproduce for their own article or research.This actually tells us how was the study carried out and what was exactly done?And what is the strength of its study"?How was the study carried out?How many subjects were used.What was the study site and Study period including the sampling size & design?What was the data was collection protocol and how the data was analyzed (statistical procedures)? is used as lab testing material), Patients & Methods (for a study on patients) and subjects and Methods (for a study on normal healthy individuals).A good Metho-April -June 2023 | Volume 29 | Issue 02 | Page 81 dology should have Ÿ Setting: Hospital/ community/ institution Ÿ Time period: Month and Year Ÿ Patients/subjects/material: Number, inclusion/ exclusion criteria, sociodemographic features, matching & comparing groups, follow up, type of sample, random or otherwise Ÿ Follow-up period Ÿ Statistical methods employed for Data analysis Give the acknowledgement: All who helped but do not qualify to be authors.Write the Dis claimer, Conflict of interest and source of fundings.
Therefore, both exercise protocols can be considered beneficial for the rehabilitation of this condition.However, it is important to acknowledge the limitations of the present study, which include a small sample size April -June 2023 | Volume 29 | Issue 02 | Page 84

2 .
Reference list: At the end of your document, list all the sources you have cited in numerical order.
To cite a reference from a book, include the name of author, book title, date of publication, publisher, & page numbers.The specific citation style you are using, such as Vanocur or Oxford, may have slightly different formatting guidelines, so make sure to consult the appropriate style guide for detailed instructions.In general, the author's name should be listed as Last name, First Initial.(for example, Bukhari,MH.).The title of the book should be italicized or underlined.The publication date can usually be found on the title page or copyright page.The publisher's name and location can also be found on the title page.For page numbers.Volume(Issue), Page numbers.Database Name.URL or DOI.If there is no specified author, you can use the name of the organization or title of the article instead of the author's name.In cases where the article does not have a specific title, you can use a descriptive phrase enclosed in parentheses.The American Board of Medical Specialists.c2000 -Available from: http://www.abms.org/newsearch.asp.[cited 2023 July 8]. 3. Journal article: Bukhari MH, Miraj A, Raja MI, Munir M, Raza I, Zahra A, et al.Protection of Moderna vaccine during speared of Omicron.Annal KEMU.Published Online: 20 June 2022 [cited: October 30, 2012] doi:10.1136/jnnp.2009.200329.Do not include references which have not been read, maximum number of references of last 5 years, relevant local references are essential, check to include all references mentioned in the text and are present in the bibliographic section, follow guidelines of journal referencing style where paper is being sent for publication, re-check 3 or 6 authors then et al and should preferably use Henry Rapoport, Associate Editor of the Journal of Organic Chemistry, emphasizes the significance of graphics in capturing readers' attention.He notes that readers often prioritize visuals and may not continue reading if the graphics are not clear and informative.As a result, reviewers should be mindful of the importance of incorporating visually appealing and The headings and captions for the figures and tables should be composed in a clear and distinct manner, ensuring they are easily distinguishable.These captions should be comprehensible without the need to read the entire paper and should avoid providing detailed experimental descriptions, as those are provided in the Methods section.The data representation should be April -June 2023 | Volume 29 | Issue 02 | Page 86 presented in a manner that is reader-friendly and easily comprehensible.If required, color usage can be incorporated, and the images should be of high resolution, well-presented, and accompanied by legible captions that provide relevant details.
2. Database on the Internet; When citing an online database, the general format is as follows: Author's Last Name, Author's First Initial.(Year of publication).Title of the article.Title of the Journal,